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What is the signal-to-noise ratio of a microphone?

09/22/2023

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a microphone measures the ratio between the desired audio signal and the undesired background noise inherent in the microphone. Essentially, it quantifies how much clearer the desired sound is compared to the background noise. It's typically expressed in decibels (dB). In the context of microphones, SNR often refers to the difference between the microphone's sensitivity and its self-noise or equivalent noise level.

For microphones, a higher SNR is usually more desirable as it indicates that the microphone can capture a clearer audio signal relative to its inherent noise.

Typical SNR Values for Microphones:

Studio Condenser Microphones: These are often used in controlled recording environments. They can have very high SNRs, commonly ranging from 70 dB to 85 dB or more. Some of the best studio microphones might even exceed 90 dB.

Dynamic Microphones: Commonly used for live sound applications, these mics generally have a lower SNR than studio condenser microphones. SNRs might range from 55 dB to 70 dB, depending on the quality and design.

Field Recording Microphones: Used for capturing sounds in outdoor or unpredictable environments, the SNR for these microphones can vary widely based on design and intended use, but good ones might fall in the range of 60 dB to 80 dB.

Regarding the SNR of performance-level wireless microphones:
The exact SNR of a wireless microphone can vary based on its design, quality, and the technology used. However, for professional or performance-level wireless microphones, it's common to see SNR values ranging from 90 dB to 120 dB. Generally, a higher SNR is preferred, as it would produce clearer audio with less background noise. 

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